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The Production of Security, by Gustave de Molinari
PDF Download The Production of Security, by Gustave de Molinari
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The introduction to this stunning work is by Murray Rothbard, who calls French radical Gustave de Molinari (1819-1912) the great innovator in the market provision of security. Indeed, he might be regarded as the first proponent of what is called anarcho-capitalism. Molinari was steeped in the old liberal worldview of Bastiat and hence was a dedicated champion of private property and free markets. But Molinari took matters further to argue that markets were also better at providing the service that the state claimed was its monopoly privilege: the provision of security itself. His singular contribution, then, was to lead us away from the false assumption of Hobbes that somehow the state was necessary to keep society from devolving into chaos. On the contrary, argued Molinari, the voluntary society is the source of order that comes from freedom itself. There is no contradiction or even tension between liberty and security. If free enterprise works well in one sector, it can work well in other sectors too. Molinari was indeed a radical but in the sense that foreshadowed the development of American libertarian thought: a radical for capitalism in all areas of life, which is another way of saying that he was a consistent champion of the fully free society. Perhaps there was a time when people could regard the government monopoly on police and courts as benign, part of the "night watchman" state advocated by the old-time classical liberals. But the march of the police state has changed that: we are more likely to understand that the state's "security" services are the gravest threat to liberty we face. In that sense, Molinari is the man of the hour.
- Sales Rank: #5370849 in Books
- Published on: 2009
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 7.00" h x .15" w x 4.25" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 64 pages
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4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
A Classical Liberal Argues for Private Production of Security.
By New Age of Barbarism
_The Production of Security_ is a 1977 translation into English by J. Huston McCulloch published by The Center for Libertarian Studies of a groundbreaking article originally published in French in 1849 by the classical liberal laissez-faire economist Gustave de Molinari which argues that security originally believed to be the sole province of the state may be produced privately. This article which encountered much criticism from other laissez-faire economists for its allegedly extreme position was to pave the way for future theorists to develop the ideology of anarcho-capitalism. Gustave de Molinari (1819 - 1912) was a Belgian-born French laissez-faire economist along with such other more widely known individuals as J. B. Say, Charles Comte, Charles Dunoyer, and Frederic Bastiat. However, among these Molinari was by far the most radical in maintaining in this essay that even security could be produced privately. This argument led to widespread criticism of Molinari for supposedly being carried away by "illusions of logic" and for arguing for utopia. Even Molinari himself was to later revise his position in later works by retreating to that of a single monopoly private defense and insurance company. However, later thinkers and in particular the libertarian Murray Rothbard (1926-1995) were to use Molinari's arguments to devise the theory of free-market anarchism or anarcho-capitalism. As such, Molinari's suggestions prove intriguing but whether they could be made to work remains undetermined.
This book begins with a Preface by Murray Rothbard which gives a brief sketch of Moliniari's life and work and explains his role both as a French laissez-faire economist and as the most important precursor of the theory of anarcho-capitalism. The book then turns to Molinari's article itself. Molinari begins by considering human society, noting that some maintain that the development of human associations is not subject to providential, unchangeable laws and thus see the need for legislators and authority, while others including himself see society as moving in accordance with general, pre-existing laws (like the law of gravity in physics) and thus embrace economic science as the only social science. Molinari then outlines "The Natural Order of Society" by investigating what is the function of government. Molinari shows how the instinct for sociability drives man to come together in an effort to satisfy his needs and thus through self-interest individuals come together and create a division of labor and establish exchanges. Molinari argues that one particular need of man is that for security and that as understood by most theorists the state is to be the sole provider of security. Molinari argues that such governments are created by men to "guarantee to everyone the peaceful possession of his person and goods". Molinari argues that in order to protect his person and property man must defer to governments or else he would have to devote an exorbitant proportion of his time and labor to such; however, then he asks how can one obtain such security at the lowest possible price. Molinari next considers "Competition in Security". Here, he makes his argument that freedom of labor and trade lead to the maximum reduction of price and that the interests of the consumer should prevail over those of the producer; thereby, concluding that production of security should also be subject to the law of free competition. But, here he concludes that no government should be able to preclude another government from going into competition with it. While Molinari argues that such a claim is made through the rigorous application of logic, it has been the belief of most economists up until his discovery that such a claim is impossible. This is really the crux of Molinari's argument and where his radical alternative enters into the picture. Molinari considers "Security An Exception?". Molinari shows how economists have always made an exception when it comes to the production of security, but he argues that a natural law should admit of no such exception. Molinari then considers "The Alternatives". He proposes two principles which may be alternatives to his idea of free competition, those of monopoly and communism. Molinari then considers "Monopoly and Communism". He explains how monopoly comes to be and how monopoly relies upon the employment of force to maintain itself. Being exposed to free competition will destroy monopoly. On the other hand, sometimes a monopoly is captured by the consumers who then appoint their own representatives to control the monopoly. He calls this the principle of communism and explains how communism can become complete when it is applied to all commodities. Molinari next considers "The Monopolization and Collectivization of the Security Industry". Here, he shows how the production of security began as a monopoly but that against it arose communism. However, Molinari offers the alteranative to both of free competition. Following this, Molinari considers "Government and Society" arguing that neither monopolies which claim authority from God nor communism which claims authority from the will of the people have authority over all individuals. Molinari next considers "The Divine Right of Kings and Majorities". Here, he explains the divine right of kings as monopoly and the right of majority as communism. But, he shows that both of these alternatives rest on terror. Molinari argues in "The Regime of Terror" that both the monopoly and communism rule by terror, but that his alternative of free competition will not do so. Following this, Molinari turns to "The Free Market for Security" and lays out his plans for allowing competition in the production of security. He argues that such an alternative will not be one imposed by terror and could be run by a single entrepreneur. He also maintains that such will lead to a more peaceful society. He considers claims that this argument is utopian but maintains that a careful examination of the facts will cause us to decide the problem of government in favor of liberty. He finally argues that this will achieve the best possible situation.
This article offers a radical suggestion for how to deal with the problem of government that was largely ignored or chided away in its time. Even many laissez-faire economists would not go as far as Molinari in maintaining that security could be produced through free competition. However, in more recent times, individuals such as Murray Rothbard developed the theory of anarcho-capitalism relying on important precursors such as Molinari. As such, this work remains important and a libertarian classic that cannot be ignored in light of the atrocities committed by governments.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
You Need to Read This!!!
By Francis R. Hand
This is truly an amazing book. It was written in 1849 and is as timely as if it were written just this year, and in language that seems very contemporary. In just 64 pages, Molinari builds a logical case for an open-market, competitive system of justice and defense. In these times, anyone can see the effect of one entity having a monopoly on the production of justice and the application of legal violence. This short and logical book should convince anyone that there is a better answer.
Biu amd read this boolk. It might be the most important thing you've ever done.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Patrick Linstrom
Great simple easy book on the arguments against state run security and for free market security.
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